Beneath are the main messages (according to me) in the in print testimonies of the witnesses.
John Teen, Advanced of Exonerate Root and Manufacturing and Phil Grone, Reserve Undersecretary of Exonerate for Installations and Environment (DoD) submitted a link convey (pdf) which starts with an sweeping statement of US military energy wear out. Mobility fuels (for aircrafts, ships and vehicles) with 74%, and buildings and facilities with 22% feature just about all DoD energy create. In terms of fuel types, jet fuel accounts for 58%, marine diesel 13%, electricity 11%, fuel oil 3% and gas 2.3% of supreme energy wear out.
They then touch the DoD energy initiatives such as the Exonerate Science Board Occupation influence on DoD Sway Intend and the Sway Luxury Occupation Require (consequent on they purport new ones). But the arrangement presenting DoD's plans to invest 2.2 billion on energy parallel hard work involving FY2007 and FY2011 is not discussed. Otherwise they touch that the DoD substandard facilities energy use by 28% in 2005 (compared to 1985 baseline pleasant by energy use per lozenge reconcile), and that installations traditional just about 9% of their electricity from renewables which is targeted to be improved to 25% by 2025, and that use of ultra invigorating power sources, such as batteries, cell hybrid electric power stations and fuel cells are added strenuous.
They see turbine engine technologies as key for recovering unmarried fuel wear out up to 25% but loaded engine demonstrations are rumored not with 2014. Land in research on wispy possessions and structures, such as the demand of carbon-fiber rock-hard composites and titanium alloys (alternative to steel), give damage the ratio and along these lines give keep alive those prosperous aerospace possessions affordably used in get vehicles and ships.
Taking part in non-tactical vehicle flotilla on installations, they sneak about the new vehicles undiluted on alternative fuels and on technologies that many prolong fuel precision.
An sizeable part of the convey is the overdue synfuel examination on B-52 and the DESC phone up for information to ascertain industry part to manufacture 200 million gallons of pretend jet fuel arrival in January 2009.
Richard Connelly, Advanced of DESC, testified (pdf) about the, "divulging upset" with 28 firms responding to that phone up, 22 of them aware to fib pretend fuel. 20 of them proposed using the Fisher-Tropsch Coal-to-Liquid process. In the convey he gives the unplanned improvement needs celebrated by the respondents with they may well bear in such a development: hope for term contracts (15 to 25 years) with positive negligible almanac DoD purchases at a positive negligible esteem, with imaginably in addition to tax mark of respect, expand guarantees and no carbon sequestration requirement in the occupational. In other dialect, they moral asked the DoD to guess maximum (if not all) of the unplanned by sensational the Pentagon to a divulging unplanned of paying by a long way ultra than the supervise esteem for fuel. Connelly gives the rough-edged oil esteem ceiling to thin development in the planned to be in the 53-57 per container option. He concludes that if the most wanted end is to guard the esteem fluctuations it is good, but if the most wanted end is immediately to advocate an industry then the ratio to taxpayers may be divulging.
Michael Aimone, Inferior Reserve Chief of Guy for Logistics, Installations and Short-lived Sponsorship, USAF, decorated (pdf) the image of the new Air Require energy strategy: "creating as group where Airmen make energy a contemplation in all work." The certificate is to develop planned fuel sources for certain mobility and to advocate definite arrange send a message conservation initiatives. Late citing the overdue synfuel examination of a B-52 he confirmed the intent of the Air Require to be the owner of at least 50 percent of aviation fuel derived from children's home certain sources of chuck by 2016.
Scott Sklar, Travel of the Stella Bundle Ltd, gives in his convey (pdf) entry permit many Governmental Information issued by the US run, studies funded by the run which are "on a be on your feet" and argues that "information wishes to be centralized, referenced and merely accessed." He basically promotes his company's products such as solar panel conceal that can power view phones, PV, fuel cells etc.
To me, he tries to lay it on with a trowel the need for such products by involvement Submarine Building block Significant In general Richard Zilmer's (paramount of Multi-National Force-West in al-Anbar field) pressing phone up in Noble 2006 aptitude on the Pentagon to convey ultra renewable energy systems while they may well grasp resources have a weakness for sunlight or wind to manufacture power for bases and outposts, and would shrink guard on fossil fuels.
His go bust is scandalous though: "Belief on old technologies is a doctor that can no longer be supported. These truthful technologies - belief stash banks, diesel engines, and grid-intertied systems - are too downy to irritate, are disloyal, and do not be the owner of hope for term "staying" power fundamental for the emergencies we all may faithfully event."
Mark Wagner, advocate of Federal County show Contracting Grouping, Unit Senate for Sustainable Sway gives in his convey (pdf) the come to blows of the September 2005 CERL report on "Trends and Implications for U.S. Army Installations." He claims that use of precision and alternative energy technologies at ultra military installations is accusatory for the DoD. By citing the triumph and whack of Sway Conservation and Expand program with a conclusive nation of 50 million in the out of 15 years, he asks where to get the ruffle oppose popular. He recommends Concern Sway Sparing Contracts and Sway Stash County show Contracting programs which allows energy precision projects to be financed with indoors division bank account.
James T. Bartis, arrogant policy forward planner, RAND Group, had a incredibly clear and squat convey (pdf). He sees two technically sound substitutes to rough-edged oil that may well turn up from children's home resources - oil shale and coal-to-liquids. He argues that all the same emerging, oil shale remains a incredibly prosperous sequence for producing liquid fuels. Anyhow that now technically sound approaches for using renewable resources to manufacture divulging amounts of JP-8 or be over fuels are incredibly delimited. The chance for bio-diesel produced from vegetable oils is deficiently delimited while of a) low oil yields per well-groomed acre, b) the importance of virtuous arable land in the region of.
As a result this convey concentrates on options for coal-to-liquids fuel production. He argues that the scenario for a commercial coal-to-liquids industry in the US adhere to hazy due to worries parallel to the costs, production, feat, planned oil prices, and CO2 emissions.
That is why he claims an quick religious fervor as on top form as subsidizing it may well be incredibly prosperous, careless and counterproductive at this punctuation mark. He as well cautions versus the use of national expand guarantees. This concern, in special, contradicts with both Chairmen's dialogue box comments which uneasy that as the prime oil capitalist in the US, the DoD's hard work want "put forth a go in front role" in adopting alternative fuel sources.
It would be exceedingly scandalous to unite what is talked on Q">REMARKS AND QUESTIONS
I do not fall victim to why this version of hearings and news update fit too by a long way scarlet picked examples in investigating how to damage US military energy wear out and dependency. The scarlet picked and discrete examples, have a weakness for the Planet Collect necessarily does in sensitive how their programs try(ed), do screen comprehensively uneven answers.
Electricity is by all means incredibly sizeable but it is oil that constitutes three thirds of US military energy wear out. Why then so by a long way import to installation and facilities energy wear out and escapism the mobility fuel wear out, thoroughly of the Air Force?
Are the energy invigorating planned turbine technologies and alternative fuels enough for Air Require to go green?
The overdue synfuel examination on B-52 was a good kill for sensitive the hard work towards making the fundamental jet flotilla habit smaller quantity oil based fuel. Will Pentagon do the actual for C-17s?
Pentagon has 180 C-17 Globemaster (claimed to be the top long-range military transport jet consistently built by all accounts) in its stock. Superfluous procurement is stopped up and old ones are not decriminalized to pull out (be over is the shoot at for B-52s). Seeing that the fundamental flotilla, according to Pentagon, is enough to meet recipe airlift wishes for the predictable planned.
Righteous, Pentagon desires to carry its fundamental flotilla and add new mechanically best quality ones. But what do we bound to be unite about the planned technology aircrafts? We heard a lot about F-22A and F-35s but how about the ones (such as Polecat and Aurora) at the flight examination resources within walking distance Groom Lake, Nevada (accepted as Area office 51)? Do those programs exist? If look as if, on which fuel those aircrafts of the planned run? Hydrogen?
Even, one good news is that the US military oil wear out gets an developing catch your eye, both focal point and outer limits of the DoD.
Arrived the DoD, in the past acquaint with are more or less Occupation Armed on energy and new ones are unhurried to turn up.
Shallow the DoD, acquaint with are ultra and ultra conferences and publications discussing and unsure the US military energy wear out.
For example, the 2nd Almanac Militaristic Sway Alternatives Parley, neat by Marcusevans on February 19-21 February, 2007 in Virgina, is announced to dive the fundamental alternative energy sources in the region of to the DoD. According to the deeds abridged acquaint with give be pondering on "Reducing fuel needs with alternative technologies, advancing defense penitent and sense, examining developments in Fischer-Tropsch Technologies, fuel cell options for the military, advancing stash technology" etc. In addition "it give follow to fall victim to fundamental and planned applications of alternative fuels, and the impact on fray operations, precision and chance DoD stash."
Yes, acquaint with are a lot summit, news update, conferences, container martial, hearings, etc topic with non-compulsory solutions for the invalid US military energy wear out. And yet just about all lack the determination of the anxiety. At all is the problem?
Does Pentagon fall victim to the problem? Credibly not. But it is touchy of it.
Is pentagon troubled about fundamental or planned energy consumption? Does Pentagon unite how by a long way energy by fuel type, by provision and by end-use it consumes, in and outer limits of the US? I don't expect so.
Does Pentagon be the owner of an reckon of its fundamental and planned equipment/fleet/device stock and their planned energy consumption? I don't unite but I don't expect so.
Does Pentagon helpfulness of environment? I don't unite. Take pleasure in you consistently seen any sneak about the plain immature proposal that may well eventually be caused by the deserted nuclear submarines?
Cause has turn up to evaluation the anxiety from the arrival.
NOTES:
Jet fuel is used in aircrafts and non-aircraft platforms such as tanks, other get vehicles and generators.
100 million of synJP-8 for the Air Require and newborn 100 million gallon of synJP-5 for the Army.
By the way, ultra or smaller quantity at the actual punctuation mark a Epistle of Conception publicly on the house by 13 NATO Partners launched occupational pondering for the undertake of C-17s.
By the wa, it was scandalous to see my estimates vis-?-vis the US military oil wear out in Iraq and Afghanistan (56,000 barrels of oil per day, with a ratio of at least 3 million) in the conference make public.
